this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
most; highest; maximum; best; wonderful; finest
authority; power; influence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to meet; to assemble; to congregate
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear; to be dressed in; to have on
sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute; pitiful; pitiable
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
narrow; confined; small; limited; narrow-minded; confining
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
to pass (of time); to elapse
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to blossom; to flower; to bloom
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
friendly chat; pleasant chat; lighthearted talk; friendly conversation