chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
thief; robber; burglar; rebel; insurgent; traitor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
entry; approach; penetration
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to continue to rain or snow
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
highly virtuous monk; monk; Buddhist solitary; Buddhist missionary; saint (i.e. a virtuous person); (arch.) emperor; master
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; even now; to this day
heavy (feeling, etc.); gloomy (weather, etc.); oppressive (atmosphere, etc.); stifling; strained
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute; pitiful; pitiable
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to tell (to do); to order; to tell on (someone); to tattle; to often say
to go into; to come into; to penetrate; to become complicated
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal