indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
after all; in the end; conclusion; end; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to send to; to deliver; to escort (a person) home
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin to fall (rain, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
dripping wet; soaked; drenched
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
after that; afterwards; thereafter
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
reverie; meditation; anxiety; thought; pensiveness
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued