today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to slip out; to sneak away; to break into the lead; to get ahead; to begin to fall out (e.g. hair); to break out (of a loop)
popularity; public favor; condition (e.g. market); tone; character
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
school building; schoolhouse
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
procurement; purchase; buying; school store; co-op; school canteen
dressed bread; bread to which something has been added (sandwich, pirogi, etc.); stuffed bread (rolls, buns, etc.)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
stomach; breadbasket; inner man; dietary needs
to throw into; to toss into
by the way; incidentally; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
(committee) chairman; president
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
hello; good day; good afternoon
talking about one's love interests; girls' talk; gossiping
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to taste; to eat; to drink; to speak (of); to refer (to); to say
exceptional; unusual; special; especially; exceptionally; unusually
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news