indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
royal capital; imperial capital
to face; to go towards; to head towards
husband and wife; married couple
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make merry; to be festive
to set out; to set sail; to embark on (a new venture); to set out (to achieve something); to begin to ride; to lean forward
scenery; scene; landscape
one (esp. of two); the other; on the one hand; on the other hand; whereas; although
continuously; from beginning to end; from first to last
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
facial expression; countenance; look; appearance; expression (vocal, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
their Majesties the Emperor and Empress
expectation; anticipation; purpose; intention; others' opinions of one; speculation
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
(picture) frame; framed picture; amount (esp. of money); sum
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)