indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to feel (as if); to have a feeling (that); to have a hunch (that); to feel like doing; to want to do
strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together; both
until now; so far; up to the present
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
to apologize; to apologise
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
to be softened; to calm down
anyway; by the way; incidentally; well; to change the subject
transmigration; reincarnation; metempsychosis
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
antiquity; the previous era
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
to have something on one's mind; to have (undisclosed) reservations; to feel conflicted
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
suffix for familiar person
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that