thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow (i.e. bending of the body); bowing; reward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to approach; to draw near; to be imminent; to press (someone for something); to urge; to compel
magic; sorcery; witchcraft; magic tricks (with large-scale props)
else; in addition; besides
to compare; to make a comparison (between); to compete (on); to measure (one's strength, ability, etc. against another's)
estimate (of costs); budget
scale; scope; plan; structure
dramatic (improvement); remarkable (difference); marked; (far) better; exceptional
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
pointing out; identification
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
inspection; audit; judgement; judgment
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
properly; accurately; exactly; neatly; tidily; orderly
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
making (a report, plan, contract, etc.); drawing up; writing out; preparing; creating (a file, website, account, etc.)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
office work; clerical work; administration; business; affairs
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to