grandmother; old woman; female senior citizen
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
lady attendant; lady's maid; waiting maid
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
to do what one is told to; to take someone's advice; to listen to what someone says
rest; break; recess; intermission
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
lunch; midday meal; food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
tea-drinking companion; crony; buddy; spouse married late in life for companionship
now; the present time; just now; another; more
recuperation; medical treatment
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
hospitalization; hospitalisation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
one's post; place of work; workplace
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be surprised; to be astonished
consultation; discussion; discussing; asking (somebody) for advice
preliminary inspection; having a look in advance; preparatory read-through (e.g. of lesson notes); siding (on a house); clapboard