indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
going to bed; retiring (for the night)
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
in the same way as; just like
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
duty; function; office; mission; task
because of; on account of; regarding; per; apiece
early morning; early hours; early in the morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this is why; this means; it is the case that
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
office (e.g. the Oval Office)
on the occasion of; at the time of
occasionally; once in a while; now and then; rarely; seldom
troops; group members; team members
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nodding off (while sitting); dozing
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
taking over; handing over; transfer of control; inheriting; passing on the baton
morning assembly (at a company, school, etc.); morning gathering
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to make one's rounds; to patrol
going to work; leaving for work; attendance (at work); being at work; presence (in the office); reporting for work
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become