indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
hero; the brave; man of valour (valor)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
class of demons; demonic race; family of demons
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
Leeds (Britain); Lees; Leese; Rees; Reese