indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
tension; mental strain; nervousness
while; even though; despite
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unveiling; debut; introduction
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
every place; various places
husband and wife; married couple
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
close associate; close aide; brains-truster
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal
House of Peers (Japan, Meiji constitution); House of Lords (UK)
baptismal ceremony; baptism
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
on a stage; on a platform; on an altar
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; revenge
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
dedication; offering; presentation; oblation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid