indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
order of chivalry; chivalric order
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
honorific/polite/humble prefix
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
babysitting; babysitter; taking care of; assisting; assistant
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
long ago; already; a long time ago
dismissal; firing; retirement; being relieved from one's post; being relieved of a burden
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
personal attendant; valet; maid
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
unmanned; uninhabited; unattended; shorthandedness; lack of help
temple; sacred place; shrine; sanctuary; tabernacle
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to take out; to carry out; to bring out from where it belongs; to mention something; to broach a topic; to bring up (a subject)
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody