indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
temple; sacred place; shrine; sanctuary; tabernacle
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
if one is unlucky; if one is careless
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
to wither (of a plant); to be blasted; to die; to mature (of one's personality, abilities, etc.)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
older brother; elder brother
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say enough (as much as required); to say plenty; to say well; to say cleverly; to say often; to say frequently
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one's (living) environment
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adult (esp. person 20 years old or over); grownup; becoming an adult; coming of age; growing up (to be a man, woman)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
society; public; community; social studies
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
beloved concubine; favourite concubine (e.g. of the shogun)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
foundation stone; cornerstone
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
tool; means; ingredients (added to soup, rice, etc.); counter for sets of armor, utensils, furniture, etc.
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally