indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Japanese spindletree (Euonymus japonicus)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(one's) gaze; direction in which one is looking; point of view; standpoint; line covering someone's eyes (in an edited photograph)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to remove; to take off; to drop (e.g. from a team); to remove (from a position); to leave (e.g. one's seat); to go away from
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
carrying (on one's person or in the hand); mobile phone; cell phone
screen (of a TV, computer, etc.); image (on a screen); picture; surface of a painting (picture, drawing, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
had better ...; had better not ...
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
the other day; a few days ago
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon