to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
just to make sure; just to be sure; for confirmation; just in case; for caution's sake; by way of precaution
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to bring (something); to take along; to fetch; to get
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
thick; bulky; massive; heavy
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
absorption; suction; attraction
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
clothes; garment; gown; robe; coating (e.g. glaze, batter, icing)
to put on; to wear; to be clothed in; to be clad in; to be dressed in; to be wrapped in
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
penance; austerities; mortification; difficult work; strenuous task
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
throat; singing voice; gutter (inner margins of a book)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
Buddhist temple within a Shinto shrine; temple attached to a shrine
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
occupation; profession; job; vocation; career; trade
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type
university; college; former imperial university of Japan (established under the ritsuryō system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
while; during; while; although; all; both
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in