to blaze down on; to beat down on; to shine down upon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
(just) making sure; just to be sure; just in case; for caution's sake
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
class; order; et cetera; etc.; equal; iso-
bulky; massive; thick; heavy
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
absorption; suction; attraction
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
clothes; garment; gown; robe; coating (e.g. glaze, batter, icing)
to put on; to wear; to be clad in; to twine around; to twist around; to coil around
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
penance; austerities; mortification; asceticism
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
Buddhist temple within a Shinto shrine; temple attached to a shrine
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
occupation; profession; job; vocation; trade; calling
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
while; during; while; although; all; both
qualifications; requirements; capabilities
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in