indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
eyewitness report; eyewitness information
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
persistence; single-mindedness
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to get worse; to deteriorate; to go from bad to worse; to spoil (of food); to go bad; to perish
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
police; police officer; police station
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with