indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(member of the) yakuza; gangster; hoodlum; racketeer; useless; worthless
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
rivalry; feud; conflict; dispute; struggle; strife
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
eyewitness report; eyewitness information
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
staff member; employee; worker; personnel
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to visit; to call on; to arrive (of a season, situation, etc.); to come; to appear
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
persistence; single-mindedness; sticking to one point; always making the same bet
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to let pass; to allow through; to transmit (e.g. light, sound, etc.); to conduct (electricity); to stick through (e.g. a hole); to force through (e.g. an opening); to connect (e.g. two places)
to drive away; to turn away; to send away; to repel; to repulse
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
public order; public peace; public security; law and order
dungeon; dungeon (in an RPG or video game); (underground) labyrinth
occurrence; incidence; generation (of power, heat, etc.); production; ontogeny; development
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to get worse; to deteriorate; to go from bad to worse; to spoil (of food); to go bad; to perish
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
by means of; due to; because of; according to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
police; police officer; police station; self-appointed enforcer (of a rule, standard, etc.); busybody
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with