creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
notebook; memorandum; commonplace book
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
gem; jewel; precious stone
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates position in a sequence; divisions of a kabuki performance
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
imperial villa; royal villa; detached palace
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to paint (draw) a picture
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of