indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
myself; yourself; I; me; you
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
wise; clever; smart; well-behaved (esp. children and pets); obedient; good
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
wisdom; intelligence; sagacity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
very hard; with utmost effort; as hard as one can; with all one's might; for dear life; eagerly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
infancy; childish; infantile; immature
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
it's been a long time; long time no see
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
perfect; complete; flawless
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow (i.e. bending of the body); bowing; reward
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
(your) daughter; young woman; daughter of a good family
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
prime minister; premier; chancellor