at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
precipitous; rugged; inaccessible; grim; severe; stern
mountain range; mountain belt
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
to fall into ruin; to be desolated
barren; sterile; infertile; unproductive (e.g. discussion); fruitless
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
left and right; right and left; (asserting) control; influence; one's attendants; people accompanying one
long; drawn-out; very long
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
here and there; all around; everywhere; to get things in the wrong order (back to front); to become muddled up
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to collapse; to crumble; to get out of shape; to lose one's shape; to break down; to be thrown into disarray; to crash (stock market)
lower back; waist; hips; body (of hair, noodle, paper, etc.); resilience; spring
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
appearance; shape; form; atmosphere; look; feel
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
fort; fortress; stronghold; fortification
to be much obliged (to someone); to receive favor (favour); to be indebted; to be grateful
honorific/polite/humble prefix
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
to run; to dash; to gallop (on horseback); to canter; (arch.) to advance (against one's enemy); (arch.) to charge (on horseback)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)