dukedom; duchy; principality
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to play a part; to get involved; to take a share; to share the burden
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
both countries; Ryōgoku (area of Tokyo)
chief; main; principal; major
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
proficient; skillful; enjoying; satisfaction; satiation
but; however; provided that
by all rights; legally speaking; properly speaking
large; large-sized; large-scale; big
(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come and go; to go back and forth
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others