remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
worry; care; anxiety; mental exhaustion
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
village headman; village mayor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
young man; young woman; young people; youth; youngsters
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to work hard; to work diligently
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
degree; amount; grade; standard; of the order of (following a number); about
square measure; size (e.g. of land); area; surface
wasteland; wilderness; abandoned land; devastated land
possible; potential; practicable; feasible
soil; breeding ground; fertile ground (for); foundation (for the development of ...)
maintenance; servicing; putting in place; establishment; development
of course; certainly; naturally