I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
winter vacation; winter holidays
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
twenty-fourth day of the month; twenty-four days
day in question; appointed day; that very day; the day (of issue, publication, etc.)
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come together; to merge; to fit; to match; to be profitable; to be equitable
to go on a trip; to go out to play; to go and visit (a friend)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to telephone; to make a phone call
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
that's the way it is; such is life
in that way; thus; so; so?
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
future (usually near); prospects
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to have a talk; to tell a story
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
to contribute; to play a part in; to have a hand in; to finance
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
flurried; flustered; upset; nervous; embarrassed