indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tearing up and discarding (e.g. documents); disposal (e.g. weaponry); annulment; cancellation; reversal (of an original ruling)
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
commemoration; celebration; honoring the memory of something; turning something into a memento; memory
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
entrance; admission; entering
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
(your) daughter; young woman
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
having a crush on someone; flushing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
alone; by oneself; on one's own
assembly hall; meeting place; venue; grounds
to go; to come; to turn out (at a meeting, event, etc.); to show up; to make your way to
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
beginning; outset; first; onset
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
meeting face-to-face; seeing in person; facing (each other); opposing (traffic, etc.); confronting
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
beautiful face; beautiful looks; beauty; belle; handsome man
next (to); adjoining; adjacent; house next door; neighbouring house; next-door neighbour
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
remembrance; recollection; recognition
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible