indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall (of rain, snow, ash, etc.); to come down; to form (of frost); to beam down (of sunlight or moonlight); to pour in; to visit (of luck, misfortune, etc.)
banquet or reception hall
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
light; easy; non-serious; minor
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to dress (oneself in); to attire oneself in; to adorn; to pretend; to feign; to affect
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
flowers; beautiful; spectacular
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
friendly chat; pleasant chat; lighthearted talk; friendly conversation
more; much more; step; rung; paragraph; passage
to become brilliant; to become cheerful
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adult (esp. person 20 years old or over); grownup; becoming an adult; coming of age; growing up (to be a man, woman)
ceremony; matter; affair; with regard to; as for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
reason; cause; circumstances
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...