indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to stroke; to caress; to brush gently; to comb (hair); to smooth down
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to whisper; to murmur; to rumor; to rumour
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to cry; to shed tears; to suffer (from); to be troubled (by); to accept (an unreasonable request, loss, etc.); to do reluctantly
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(not) at all; (not) by any means; (cannot) possibly; absolutely
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to speak; to say; to vocalize
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)