indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
royal castle; imperial castle
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
bad; wrong; must not (do, be); should not; useless; no good; hopeless
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to be promoted
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
to crawl out of; to creep out of
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
January; first month of the lunar calendar
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
basin (e.g. between mountains)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
to follow; to come along (with); to accompany; to come with (something); to follow as a result (of); to be incidental (to)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to breathe while sleeping
while; during; while; although; all; both