indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
20 years old; (arch.) twenty
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
senior high school; high school
time; hour; season; time of the year
material; substance; matter
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
remote region; frontier (district); border(land)
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to mislead; to misguide
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to grovel; to go down on one's hands and knees
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
to make a success in life
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to look up to (a person) as one's preceptor
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
study; pursuit of knowledge
serious; honest; sober; grave; earnest; steady
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
happiness; blessedness; luck; luckily; fortunately