horse; horse racing; promoted bishop
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
cloudy sky; overcast sky; cloudy weather
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
field of vision; visibility; view; visual field; (one's) ken
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
betterment; improvement; kaizen (Japanese business philosophy of continuous improvement)
sometimes; at intervals; occasionally; on occasion; from time to time
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to feel; to sense; to experience
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
to earn (income); to make (money); to score (points, victory); to gain (time); to work hard (at one's job); to labor
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
princess; daughter of a nobleman
by means of; due to; because of; according to
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adjacency; contiguity; being adjoined
national border; provincial border
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
a minute; moment; an instant; stubborn; hot-headed
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; strictness; cruelty
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material