Kamakura period (1185-1333)
to cut off the head of a sleeping person; to assassinate someone while they sleep; to catch someone off their guard by setting traps
Azuchi-Momoyama period (approx. 1558-1600)
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
comic; comics; comic opera; comic; comical
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
diplomatic negotiations; negotiations through diplomatic channels
service in the first reserve
fixed interval; fixed period
military service; conscription
wartime regime; war footing
unrelated; unconnected; without relations (esp. of a deceased person); having no surviving relatives; unrelated to the teachings of Buddha; unable to be saved by Buddha
important matter; matter of great importance; serious affair; major incident; emergency
1,000,000; one million; million; many
going backward; turning back; backtracking; regression; retrogression; relapse
equal; equivalent; equals sign; equality sign; equals (as in "A equals B")
to regard (as); to consider (to be); to deem; to look upon (as); to think of (as)
several weeks; a few weeks
to fall behind; to lag behind; to be outdistanced; to be beaten
savage; barbarous; barbaric; uncivilized; uncivilised
uncivilized; uncivilised; undeveloped (land); unexplored (territory, field, etc.); unbloomed (flower)
contempt; scorn; disdain; despising; looking down on; slighting
blockhead; dunce; dimwit; dolt; slowcoach; slowpoke
to talk about someone behind their back; to backbite
interference; intervention; meddling
state of things; state of affairs; situation; conditions; circumstances
real condition; actual circumstances; actual state of affairs
to rise to the surface; to come to the front; to emerge (e.g. from obscurity); to stand out (e.g. against a dark background)
to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.); to intersect; to cross; ... with one another; ... to each other
surprise attack; surprise visit; catching a person off guard
punishment; penalty; penal regulations; penal provisions; penal code
codification (into rules); moving to a rule system; regulation
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
general term; generic name
application (of a rule, law, method, etc.)
military conflict; armed conflict
civilized nation; civilised nation