fierce; intense; severe; very; extremely; terribly
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
national currency; domestic currency; local currency
throwing down; dropping; airdrop; investment
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval
bad; wrong; evil; no good; wicked; reprehensible
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
cash; ready money; money on hand; mercenary; self-interested; calculating
to give up (all thoughts of); to abandon; to despair of; to make up one's mind; to make a decision; to decide
buying (of stock, materials, etc.); purchasing; stocking; laying in; procurement
advantage; benefit; merit; good point; plus
wave; billow; ups and downs; (something) advancing step by step; (something) surging forward inopposably; tendency
changing completely; transformation
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
sudden rise; steep climb; trending
First World War (1914-1918); World War I; WWI; WW1
Ministry of Finance (1869-2001); Ministry of the Treasury (under the ritsuryō system)
public finance; financial affairs; financial situation
indeed; really; truly; very much
suppression (of a rebellion, civil war, etc.); restoration of law and order; subjugation; conquering
expenditure; disbursement; expenses
income; earnings; revenue; proceeds; takings; receipts
public debt; public bond; government securities
fiscal year (usu. April 1 to March 31 in Japan); financial year; academic year; school year; product year
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
foreign loan; foreign debt; foreign bond
national debt; national securities; government bonds; government securities
Siberia Intervention (1918-1922); Siberian Expedition
demobilization; demobilisation; repatriation
price escalation rate; price increase rate; inflation
value of one's property (assets); property (asset) value
criterion; standard; yardstick; rough estimate; approximation
prices of commodities; prices (in general); cost-of-living
pre-war days; before the war
standard; criterion; norm; benchmark; measure; gauge
index; index number; indicator; exponent
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)