first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
people; (all) persons; you (usu. plural); various
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
knowing; (an) acquaintance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
military personnel; soldier
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if anything; if pushed I'd say; if I had to say
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
training; drill; practice; discipline
social life; social intercourse
publicity; advertisement; advertising; propaganda
chief; main; principal; important
honorific/polite/humble prefix
armed forces; military; troops
order; observance; discipline; rules; law; regulations
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes
one's seniors and juniors; seniority-based hierarchy
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect