pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lunch; midday meal; food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to surround; to encircle; to besiege; to lay siege to; to play (go, shogi, etc.)
humming a tune; humming unconcernedly
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
jewelry store; jewellery store
to run (a business); to operate; to carry out; to perform; to hold (a Buddhist or Shinto ceremony)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one's home country; one's homeland
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
well-known; famous; noted; popular; recognized
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
pure; genuine; trueborn; natural-born
magician; wizard; sorcerer; witch
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
woman; female; feminine gender
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
family; members of a family