indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in that way; thus; so; so?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to mourn for; to grieve for; to condole with (the bereaved family, etc.); to hold a memorial service for; to hold a funeral service for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that