indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
amendment; correction; revision; modification; alteration; retouching
even more; still more; further
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
tuck (e.g. in a dress); rise (e.g. in price)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one) matter; (one) item; (one) case
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
degree of familiarity; popularity
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
proof; testimony; demonstration; verification; certification
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
stage; step; level; rank; order; stairs
diffusion; spread; popularization; promulgation; familiarization
withdrawal (e.g. from an organization); secession; leaving; pulling out
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
genius; prodigy; natural gift
establishment; founding; incorporation (of a business)