indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
individual; one by one; separate; each
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
royal capital; imperial capital
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
journey; trip; travels; during the journey; on the way; while travelling
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be lazy; to be slack; to feel dull; to feel languid; to feel listless
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
feeling; sense; impression
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
wife; bride; (one's) daughter-in-law
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...