ghost that appears at sea during a shipwreck; something strange or suspicious; mask for roles involving dead or ghost characters
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
every evening; night after night
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); wherever (e.g. one's feet take one); according to
influence; power; might; influence (of stones)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to swing; to wield (physically); to exercise (e.g. power, ability); to exhibit; to flourish; to prosper
reeking of blood; stinking of blood; bloody (battle, crime, etc.)
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
society; the world; the times
to become brilliant; to become cheerful
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
to praise extravagantly; to lionize; to lionise; to make much of
fashion; trend; vogue; prevalence (of a disease); epidemic
cutting edge; leading edge; forefront; tip; end
government; administration; ministry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
Europeanization; Europeanisation; Westernization; Westernisation
political measures; policy
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call; to name; to call oneself ...; to go by the name of ...; to purport (to be); to profess
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
manners; customs; public morals; sex service; sex industry
to take in; to gather in; to adopt (e.g. an idea); to accept (e.g. advice); to harvest; to reap
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
modernization; modernisation
to plan; to attempt; to plot; to conspire; to aim for; to strive for
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
peerage (in Japan; 1869-1947); nobility; aristocracy
peafowl (incl. the male peacock, female peahen, and young peachick)
palace; tonic (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); ancient Chinese punishment (castration for men, or confinement for women); zodiacal sign
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
luxurious and gorgeous; splendid; dazzling
Western-style house (esp. one built in the Meiji or Taisho periods)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
to wear (from the shoulders down); to put on; to take (the blame, responsibility); to bear
kimono; Japanese traditional clothing (esp. full-length); clothing; clothes