indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
consequence; outcome; result; blame
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to be cured; to be healed; to cure; to heal; to rule
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
father; dad; husband; you; he
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
number one; first; best; most; game; round
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
one's youth; early life; one's early days; one's early years
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
sometimes; occasionally; at times; seasonal; of the season; appropriate (for the season or occasion)
to have tears in one's eyes; to be moved to tears
romanticist; romantic; dreamer
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
bright; intelligent; clever; smart
habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
humanity; empathy; kindness; human nature; common sense; customs and manners
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious