indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to mount (a horse, bicycle, etc.); to straddle; to sit astride; to span (an area, time, etc.); to extend over; to spread over
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
to bend; to flutter; to wave; to yield to; to be swayed by; to bow to
while; during; while; although; all; both
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
right hand; right-hand side; right-hand direction; (on) the right
to be seen; to be visible; to look; to seem; to come
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to vomit; to spit out; to breathe out (e.g. air); to exhale; to spend (e.g. saved money); to cough up
to continue; to keep up; to keep on; to continue ...; to keep on ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
eruption; volcanic eruption
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
mountain; hill; mine; (mountain) forest; heap; pile; protruding or high part of an object
nest; rookery; den; haunt; (spider's) web
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
why; how; for what reason
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
having no choice but to ...; all one can do is ...; there's nothing to do except ...; having nothing but ...; there is only ...; having only ...
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
red; crimson; scarlet; Red; communist
gem; jewel; precious stone
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...