indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lunch; (Western-style) single-plate lunch set; plate lunch; launch (boat); ranch
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
together with; same; both; all; including ...
curse; spell; malediction
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to become better; to improve
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
of course; certainly; naturally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to not give in; to be obstinate; to be stubborn; to be perverse
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
arrangement; good offices; discretion; judgment; disposition
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that