indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
lunch; (Western-style) single-plate lunch set; plate lunch; launch (boat); motorboat; ranch
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
together with; same; both; all; including ...
curse; spell; malediction
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
least; lowest; worst; awful; horrible; at the very least
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(some) more; even more; longer; further
to become better; to improve
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
of course; certainly; naturally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to not give in; to be obstinate; to be stubborn; to be perverse
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
arrangement; good offices; discretion; judgment; disposition
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
facing; opposite; across the street; other side
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that