childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
a little; some; somewhat; amount; quantity; number
imagination; supposition; guess
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
worth; merit; value; good point; redeeming feature; saving grace
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
too much; excessively; too
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
swan (Cygnus spp.); white-feathered bird
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
name; given name; first name
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-smell; stinking of; smacking of; hinting of
to overflow from something full
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
surname; family name; last name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hiragana; cursive Japanese syllabary used primarily for native Japanese words (esp. function words, inflections, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
genuine article; real thing; real deal