sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to pour into; to wash down; to insert (e.g. into a data stream)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
make-up; makeup; cosmetics
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to jump out; to rush out; to appear (suddenly); to protrude; to project; to butt in
correction; revision; amendment
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
while; during; while; although; all; both
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
living by oneself; living alone
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
anything and everything; just about everything
myself; yourself; I; me; you
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion