courtyard; quadrangle; middle court
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stuffing; packing; end (esp. the foot of a bridge); lowest-ranking guest at tea ceremony; tea master; endgame (esp. in shogi or used figuratively); sweet eel sauce
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
by myself; in person; by oneself
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
door; gate; opening; title page
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be still half asleep; to be half awake; to be not yet quite awake
in that way; thus; so; so?
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to one's heart's content; as much as one wants
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
achievement; attainment; accomplishment; realization
to fire oneself up; to give it one's all; to get psyched; to fire someone up (with scolding, corporal punishment, etc.); to rouse
even though; despite; when
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
declaration; proclamation; announcement
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at work; in the midst of work; working
sure to ...; certain to ...; bound to ...; it's natural that ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation