teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
proposal; proposition; suggestion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lay out a futon; to make a bed
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
dangerous; critical; grave; uncertain; unreliable; dodgy
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean