to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
suddenly; casually; accidentally; incidentally; unexpectedly; unintentionally
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
section (e.g. in a newspaper); column; field (in a form, web page, etc.); blank; handrail; railing
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
don't you think?; indicates question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
to go mad; to lose one's mind; to get out of order; to go amiss; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through
apt to (do); liable to; predominantly; mostly; ... reaps the rewards; ... takes the prize
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
moving (location, with the times, etc.); change; metastasis; spread; transition (e.g. phase transition); transfer (of learning)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
if anything; conversely; putting it the other way around; coming at it from the opposite angle
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become