many; much; plenty; hardly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
fire built in an iron basket (watch fire, fishing fire, etc.); bonfire; campfire; (arch.) brothel-keeper (Edo period)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to shine on; to illuminate; to compare (with); to refer to
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (someone's) side
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
while; during; while; although; all; both
to enjoy; to take pleasure in; to have a good time; to look forward to
the more ... the more ...; as; (arch.) while; (arch.) during; (arch.) because; (arch.) since
light; bright; bright (colour); cheerful; bright; bright (future, prospects, etc.); rosy
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
elegant; graceful; refined; leisurely; comfortable; easy
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to overhear; to hear (secondhand); to hear on the grapevine; to know by hearsay
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
blind spot (e.g. of a driver); dead angle; dead ground; dead space
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
couch; bench; ottoman; settee
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
men and women; man and woman; both sexes; both genders
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
still; even now; to this day
Your Highness; His Highness; Her Highness
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
wife; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); trimmings; accompaniment; side (remark)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour