indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
(your, his, her) daughter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
literary and military arts; the pen and the sword
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
wonderful; splendid; magnificent
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
to send out; to forward; to show (a person) out
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
tumor; tumour; swelling; boil; abscess
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
pupil; student; schoolchild
two persons; two people; pair; couple
being enrolled (at a school); being registered; being a member (of a team, organization, etc.)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
results; record; grades; marks
to study; to complete (a course); to order (one's life); to repair (a fault one has committed)
barrier; obstacle; difficulty; hurdle; deadlock
frame; framework; border; box; limit; restriction; category
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
bright person; talented student; prodigy
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to one's regret; regrettably; unfortunately; what can be done about ...; ... cannot be helped