direct descent; direct line
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
greeting the New Year (on New Year's Eve); welcoming the New Year
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
(archeological) remains; ruins; relics
camping; campground; making camp
torch (made of pine, bamboo, reed, etc.); flambeau; torchlight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to kindle; to heat (a bath); to light (a stove); to use (a camera flash)
kami celebrated at the beginning of New Year (usu. to pray for a good harvest); goddess of (lucky) directions
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
that night; that evening; over the course of the evening
continuously; the whole time; much (more); (by) far; far (away); long (ago, before, after)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fire built in an iron basket (watch fire, fishing fire, etc.); bonfire; campfire; (arch.) brothel-keeper (Edo period)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to be promoted
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
piece(s) of firewood (esp. chopped or split from logs); kindling (twigs, branches, etc.); firewood
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
the future; future prospects
to tell someone's fortune; to divine (the future); to predict; to forecast
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
ritual; religious service; festival
to be in charge of; to manage; to direct; to rule; to govern; to control
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
the last day of the year; New Year's Eve