house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
direct descent; direct line
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
New Year's Eve; end of the year
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
historic ruins (remains, relics); archeological site
camping; campground; making camp
torch (made of pine, bamboo, reed, etc.); flambeau; torchlight
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to kindle; to heat (a bath); to light (a stove); to use (a camera flash)
kami celebrated at the beginning of New Year (usu. to pray for a good harvest); goddess of (lucky) directions
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to succeed; to relieve; to take the place of; to substitute for; to be exchanged; to change (places with)
that night; that evening; over the course of the evening
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
fire built in an iron basket (watch fire, fishing fire, etc.); bonfire; campfire; (arch.) brothel-keeper (Edo period)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
piece(s) of firewood (esp. chopped or split from logs); kindling (twigs, branches, etc.); firewood
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
the future; future prospects
to tell someone's fortune; to forecast; to predict; to divine
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
ritual; religious service; festival
to rule; to govern; to administer
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
the last day of the year; New Year's Eve