demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
town; city; municipal; urban
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
new; newly made; newly-built ship; new boat; unmarried woman of about 20; newly-married woman
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
place where one works; construction site; working area
establishing; founding; setting up; organizing; establishment
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
office (e.g. the Oval Office)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to swap; to change the object of one's interest or focus; to spend or take time; to infect; to permeate something with the smell or colour of something; to move on to the next or different stage of (a plan, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
floor above; floor upstairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
training; drill; practice; discipline
to work hard at; to devote oneself to; to be diligent in
order of chivalry; chivalric order
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point