indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
(physical) appearance (of a person); one's face and figure
disliked; hated; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
aptitude; aptness; suitability
gender; distinction of sex; sex
circle; "correct"; "good"; *; _; period
outline; summary; overview; synopsis; abstract; abridgment
woman; female; feminine gender
attribute; property; context; character class, type, fetish, etc.
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
at that time; in those days
man; male; masculine gender
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing